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He that would seriously set upon the search of truth ought in the first place to prepare his mind with a love of it - John Locke

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Sunday, June 12, 2016

Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16

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The Age of Reason - Thomas Paine
Sickness Unto Death - Soren Kierkegaard
Critique of Pure Reason - Immanuel Kant
The History of Western Philosophy - Bertrand Russell
Common Sense - Thomas Paine
Nicomachean Ethics - Aristotle
Beyond Good and Evil - Friedrich Nietzsche
The Brothers Karamazov - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
The Republic - Plato
The Metamorphosis - Franz Kafka
Being and Nothingness - Jean-Paul Sartre

Ancient History Encyclopedia
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Authenticity - Being true to your own nature in the face of pressures to conform to local norms. Usually meaning a life that rejects modern expectations.

Freedom - The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.

The power of self-determination attributed to the will; the quality of being independent of fate or necessity.

Existentialism - a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

Logic - reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.

Truth - that which is true or in accordance with fact or reality.

Faith - firm belief in something for which there is no proof.

Infer- Deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.

Epistemology -the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.

Philosophy - the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

Belief - an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.

Essentialism - is the view that for any specific entity there is a set of attributes which are necessary to its identity and function. In Western thought the concept is found in the work of Plato and Aristotle.

Bounded rationality is the idea that in decision-making, rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of time they have to make a decision.

Meaning - what is meant by a word, text, concept, or action.

Premise - a proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion.

Rationality implies the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons to believe, or of one's actions with one's reasons for action.

Reason - a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event.

Empiricism - The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.

Empirical - Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.

Rationalism - Theory that reason rather than experience is the foundation of certainty in knowledge.

Nihilism - The rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless.

Essence - the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, that determines its character

Inductive Reasoning- Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion. Inductive reasoning is often used in applications that involve prediction, forecasting, or behavior.

Deductive Reasoning - Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. Deductive reasoning is sometimes referred to as top-down logic. Its counterpart, inductive reasoning, is sometimes referred to as bottom-up logic.

Socrates and Plato

Aristotle and Homer

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Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16
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"Life ceases to be so oppressive: we are free to give our own lives meaning and purpose, free to redeem our suffering by making something of it." - Kaufmann

"A thing is not necessarily true because a man dies for it." — Oscar Wilde

"To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all." — Oscar Wilde

"Live your life as though your every act were to become a universal law." - Kant

"What might be said of things in themselves, separated from all relationship to our senses, remains for us absolutely unknown" — Immanuel Kant

"Without man and his potential for moral progress, the whole of reality would be a mere wilderness, a thing in vain, and have no final purpose." — Immanuel Kant (Perpetual Peace)

"But although all our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that it arises from experience." — Immanuel Kant

"Treat people as an end, and never as a means to an end" — Immanuel Kant

"All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason." — Immanuel Kant (Critique of Pure Reason)

"He who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals." — Immanuel Kant

"To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance." — Oscar Wilde

"Where am I? Who am I? How did I come to be here? What is this thing called the world? How did I come into the world? Why was I not consulted? And If I am compelled to take part in it, where is the director? I want to see him." — Søren Kierkegaard

"The most common form of despair is not being who you are." — Søren Kierkegaard

"The function of prayer is not to influence God, but rather to change the nature of the one who prays." — Søren Kierkegaard

"The highest and most beautiful things in life are not to be heard about, nor read about, nor seen but, if one will, are to be lived." - Soren Kierkegaard

"Hope in reality is the worst of all evils because it prolongs the torments of man." — Friedrich Nietzsche

"There are two different types of people in the world, those who want to know, and those who want to believe." — Friedrich Nietzsche

“It was previously a question of finding out whether or not life had to have a meaning to be lived. It now becomes clear on the contrary that it will be lived all the better if it has no meaning” ― Albert Camus

"What is hell? I maintain that it is the suffering of being unable to love." - The Brothers Karamazov

"So long as man remains free he strives for nothing so incessantly and so painfully as to find someone to worship." - The Brothers Karamazov

“Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.”- Sartre

"Face the facts of being what you are, for that is what changes what you are." — Søren Kierkegaard

"We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars." - Oscar Wilde

"Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does." - Sartre

"Every true faith is infallible. It performs what the believing person hopes to find in it. But it does not offer the least support for the establishing of an objective truth. Here the ways of men divide. If you want to achieve peace of mind and happiness, have faith. If you want to be a disciple of truth, then search." - Nietzsche

"A man who lies to himself, and believes his own lies, becomes unable to recognize truth, either in himself or in anyone else, and he ends up losing respect for himself and for others. When he has no respect for anyone, he can no longer love, and in him, he yields to his impulses, indulges in the lowest form of pleasure, and behaves in the end like an animal in satisfying his vices. And it all comes from lying--to others and to yourself."- The Brothers Karamazov

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